[:es]Barbara Meter, Still From Appearance
Mientras Barbara Meter (Países Bajos, 1939) se prepara para comenzar una nueva película en Kent (Inglaterra), la octava edición del (S8) Mostra Internacional de Cinema Periférico en A Coruña presenta la primera retrospectiva de su trabajo avant-garde en celuloide en España y en los Estados Unidos. Éste es un programa en gira que ha sido proyectado en el Milwaukee Underground Film Festival en Wisconsin, y en el Museum of the Moving Image en Nueva York, gracias al apoyo del Consulate General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Found Sounds (Sonidos Encontrados) recopila las películas alargadas de super 8 a 35mm y 16mm de Meter, tras los esfuerzos del EYE Filmmuseum en Amsterdam que, en los últimos años, ha trabajado en un complejo proceso de preservación de la obra de la artista.
El trabajo de Barbara Meter es crucial en la historia del cine avant-garde. Sus proyectos como comisaria cinematográfica han sido una respuesta crítica al auge del énfasis comercial en la producción y programación cinematográficas. A principios de los años 70, Meter creó el Electric Cinema, una sala de cine que se convirtió en el epicentro del cine expandido, avant-garde e independiente, y que introdujo la obra de numerosos cineastas como por ejemplo, Carolee Schneeman, Valie Export, Lynne Tillman, Kurt Kren, William Raban, Stephen Dwoskin y Malcolm Le Grice. Su propia obra cinematográfica ha experimentado con la ficción, el documental (como parte de movimientos activistas y feministas) y la producción de vanguardia. Como cineasta avant-garde, Meter se ha convertido en la maestra de la utilización del optical printer, una maquinaria que permite refotografiar material en celuloide para alargarlo, duplicarlo y manipularlo con filtros de diferente color, grosor y textura.
Meter reutiliza documentos visuales o trata las imágenes filmadas por ella en super 8 como si fuera material encontrado, para después manipularlo en 16mm y, en varias ocasiones, hincharlo al formato de 35mm. Sus imágenes son tan cautivadoras que a veces provocan que los críticos se olviden del trabajo único que Meter realiza con las grabaciones sonoras, ya sean registros de trabajos perfomativos en directo, piezas musicales o efectos sonoros. En estas películas, Meter recurre a grabaciones de Gustav Mahler, John Cage, Steve Reich or Francesco Tuma. Como consecuencia, su trabajo se puede interpretar como una mezcla única entre la inspiración de artistas estructuralistas y un profundo impulso lírico llevado al cine. Found Sounds, un programa de 75 minutos más una introducción de contexto, comienza con una grabación de audio de una actuación en directo del poeta holandés Remco Campert. Meter utilizó una versión sonora de esta performance en su cortometraje de 2012, Here Now (Aquí ahora), parte de la serie Ten Songs (Diez canciones).
En homenaje al acto de inauguración del (S8) Mostra Internacional de Cinema Periférico, con la proyección de Fausto, de F. W. Murnau, la película en 35mm (con las imágenes iniciales en super 8 alargadas por la artista) incluída en el programa Found Sounds es Ariadne (2004), una canción cinematográfica que incorpora texto de la obra dramática de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust. Appearances (2000), hinchada de super 8 a 16mm, está realizada con fotografías en blanco y negro que los padres de Meter realizaron antes de que ella naciera. En ellas, familiares y extraños realizan un viaje por la República de Weimar de los años 20 y 30 y la Alemania de Hitler. Convalescing, también realizada en el año 2000, es la única película sin sonido del programa. El silencio de esta obra es una declaración de intenciones por parte de la cineasta, una pausa que le permite observar y meditar con distancia sobre el caos en el mundo. Song for Four Hands (1970), hinchada de super 8 a 16mm, es una conversación sin palabras realizada con un juego de plano y contra-plano, cortes rápidos, empalmes y transiciones que enfatizan la intensidad de cada instante. En la pantalla, los protagonistas son la propia Barbara Meter y el cineasta experimental Jos Schoffelen. Stretto (2005), en 16mm, hace referencia al término musical italiano de la sección final de una fuga, caracterizada por melodías entrecruzadas. El tema musical se repite con variaciones de tono y timbre antes de que cada nota llegue a su final. Portraits (1972) es una obra performativa de dos películas en 16mm (cuyo formato original es el super 8) que se proyectan simultáneamente, una al lado de la otra, Esta pieza no se puede proyectar sin el añadido de la grabación sonora de la pieza de Reich titulada Four Organs. En la imagen se ven momentos de convivencia de artistas y amigos cercanos de Meter: la ahora famosa Sally Potter junto a Mattijn Seip, Pim van Isveldt, y Mike Dunford. Meter explica: “Lo que normalmente espero conseguir es que la imagen y el sonido sigan su propio camino, pero a menudo conecten, para después distanciarse otra vez, y quizá conectar de nuevo”. En A Touch (2008), en 16mm, Meter expresa su relación de amor con el mundo y con el cine sin hacer uso de la palabra. Meter refuerza color y grano para priorizar la fuerza emocional del celuloide.
La proyección termina con una sección titulada, Ad Libitum, y que retoma varios de los aspectos principales de las películas de Meter para interpretarlos de forma libre en dos películas en 16mm realizadas por la comisaria del programa, Mónica Savirón. Savirón, también cineasta y escritora, es de Madrid y lleva los últimos diez años viviendo y trabajando en Nueva York. Estas películas priorizan el sonido encontrado como motor creativo.
Found Sounds. Hoy viernes 2 de junio a las 20.30 h. en el CGAI[:en]In the early ‘70s, in need of a critical response to the utter commercialization of film production and programming, Barbara Meter (Netherlands, 1939) co-founded the Electric Cinema. Run by members of the Amsterdamse Film Coop, and STOFF (the Studio for the Development of Film and Film Manifestations), the theater became the epicenter of independent film and Dutch avant-garde filmmaking. At the Electric Cinema, Meter curated avant-garde and expanded cinema programs. After that period, she co-created POLKIN (Political Kinema) and made documentaries as part of activist and feminist movements. In her avant-garde films, she pushes the cinematic medium forward with her unique way of repurposing documents and audio recordings, and with an innovative, masterful application of optical printing techniques. Meter manipulates the images and reworks found sounds to find and create a personal expressive mode. Her thesis, Looked for and Found: On Archival and Found Footage Film, was written in 1995 for the London School of Printing, and continues to be of radical importance. After many years of work, the EYE Filmmuseum in Amsterdam has preserved Meter’s films, in all their complexity and in close conversation with the artist. FOUND SOUNDS is the first comprehensive retrospective of Barbara Meter’s avant-garde films in the United States, and in Spain.
Organized by guest curator, and program notes written by Mónica Savirón.
Presented with the support of the Consulate General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Program:
Lamento
Written and performed by Remco Campert. 2012. Audio recording of live performance. In Dutch. 3 min.
From Barbara Meter’s Here Now; part of the film series, Ten Songs. To read the poem, please click here.
Ariadne
2004. Super-8 to 35mm. Color. Sound. 12 min.
In Greek mythology, Ariadne, granddaughter of the sun, plays a significant role in labyrinths, mazes, and circumstances in which sacrifices and reparations need to be made. In Meter’s work, a woman’s hands lay on knitting wheels and vinyl records that turn just as restlessly as the artist’s film rewinders. Shot on Super-8mm film, reworked and blown up to 16mm with the optical printer, and enlarged to 35mm, the blurred, soft grain purposefully becomes an homage to the quality of cinema as both weaving craft and relentless labor of love. Looped sounds of horses, albatrosses, trains, ocean waves, and archival sounds of war planes roaming through the air alternate with Kathleen Ferrier’s and Gerald Moore’s recordings of Franz Schubert’s Gretchen am Spinnrade. Characteristic of the German lied or lit, which sets poems to music, this song cycle incorporates text from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s tragic play, Faust. Other added sounds are of Italian Cecilia Bartoli, with Hungarian György Fischer at the piano, singing in search of peace of heart in Selve Amiche by Antonio Caldara, and in Amarilli, mia bella by Giulio Caccini. One of Caccini’s achievements was to think of musical composition as recitative expression: music as speech.
Appearances
2000. Super-8 to 16mm. B/W. Sound. 21 min.
In this film, Meter listens to found images that never produced any sound. She writes: “Independently of each other, my father and my mother fled from Germany in 1934. They met the same year in Amsterdam. This film is made from photographs they left me, all of which were taken before I was born.” Through slow, hand-held movements of the camera, fades, and dissolves by the artist, the collage of images becomes a journey through the Weimar Republic of the ‘20s and ‘30s, a time when the government organized the railroad system, and of Hitler’s Germany. Meter explains: “This film hesitates between photography and film: static yet in motion, the portraits seem as if between life and death.” The closer Meter gets to these portraits with her lenses, the more inscrutable they become. The music transitions in this film go through what seems to be an intermediate state of dubitative silence, only to be interrupted by sound effects of strangers’ voices played backwards, German radio, magpies’ calls, and a continuous, undercurrent, flapping, pounding beat. With sounds of that era, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Marlene Dietrich, Meter takes these images from their native dark period to try to understand them and reflect this darkness back. The book Letters to Barbara (Gertraud Middlehauve Verlag, 1988; translated to English by James Agee, The Overlook Press, 1995) is a compendium of the scanned letters and drawings that Leo Meter, the artist’s father, sent her when she was a child, once he was separated from his family and recruited by the Germans as a soldier. He died at age 35. These letters, and the memories they provoke, have served of inspiration to several of Meter’s films.
Convalescing
2000. Super-8 to 16mm. Color. Silent. 3 min.
Meter treats her footage as if it were found, creating her own personal archive, re-shooting and manipulating it as if it had been given to her, trying to figure out what it is and what lays behind it. The silence of her films speaks volumes: it is a conscious and loud way of expressing herself. In 2012, Meter made another radically silent film, Little Stabs, edited in-camera, and consisting of politically charged images from newspapers that she had been gathering over the years. In Convalescing, Meter brings the attention towards the one who reads, looks, and listens. The film breaks away from explanations to take solace in the mood created by the natural and the electric light coming through the windows and the television set. In a way, it refers to Meter’s first experimental film, From the Exterior (1970), in which she shot different residential windows from the street—lives as seen from the other side. In Convalescing, Meter reflects on those moments of distancing oneself from the world, and writes: “… the blue, the light of the television, the blue, the book, the patterns, the light, the blue. Time to appreciate how much that really is.” In her films, sometimes we are able to glimpse these words from poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: “Over all the hilltops there is quiet.” Taking place inside a room, Convalescing is both contemplative and self-reflective, as well as the one film by Meter that allows us to take an intimate pause—with just the sound of the film projector, and our very, inner, own.
Song for Four Hands
1970. Super-8 to 16mm. Color. Sound. 3 min.
This is a shot, counter-shot film that creates a conversation without words between a woman, Barbara Meter, and a man, experimental filmmaker, Jos Schoffelen. The film proposes a dialogue deafened by a chord from a Mahler symphony. These tunes are played through two reel-to-reel tape recorders, looped and reedited. The unsuccessful delivery of words leaves room to another kind of language—the cinematic expression. Juxtapositions, light flares, rapid zooms, and overall movement transmit a series of feelings that would have been buried otherwise by words. Breaking away from narrative rules, leaning towards image and sound abstractions, and exposing the materiality of celluloid, the film gets closer to the core of what the artist hopes to communicate. As a stylistic counterpoint, in 1994, Meter made Penelope, where the voice of a woman, who we never get to see, talks to an invisible man about the frustrations of their lack of understanding. The woman’s voice was taken from a Hollywood film from the ‘50s. Meter manipulated this recording, repeating it, fading it in and out, and varying its volume to denote the different degrees of female acceptance towards imposed roles of waiting and longing.
Stretto
2005. 16mm. Color. Sound. 6 min.
The word “stretto” is an Italian musical term referred to the final section of a fugue, characterized by interweaving melodies. The musical theme gets repeated at different pitches and timbres before those notes reach their end. This way, the notations appear superimposed, contrapuntally, and gaining in textural intensity. It sums up several, temporally off-set, statements. These accumulations occur in fast tempo. In the film, Meter, by employing dissociative imagery and disconnected musical tunes, builds on the polyphonic patterns of history and identity. The soundtrack is John Cage’s Music For Prepared Piano 2, a percussion-like piece conceived as a dance accompaniment. Meter defies the storyline standard of beginning, middle, and end, and translates the world, one of death and immigration, by suspending its images and sonorities in a temporality that moves backwards rather than forwards. It is not the meaning of these sounds what is important, but their unsettling emotionality and intensity.
Portraits
1972. Super-8 to 16mm. Double projection + Audio recording. Color. Sound. 6 min.
Alternating one, two, and four screens, Meter features close-ups of artists Sally Potter, Mattijn Seip, Pim van Isveldt, and Mike Dunford from different angles and at fast speed. At the end, a wide, complex portrait may be created by accumulation of layers in the viewer’s mind. What these artists are and what they do become the same thing thanks to the highlighted presence of the grain, color filters, light, framing and reframing, flickering, scratches, and juxtapositions. Portraits, as well as …And a Table, made in 1970, are examples of films influenced by structuralist/formalist art that explores the nature of film as a medium. Steve Reich’s Four Organs gives final shape to this film. As with the image, the sound composition for four electronic organs and maraca dissects the minimalist main chord by its playing parts, the harmonics uneasily pulling and pushing in different directions. Barbara Meter: “What I usually hope to achieve is that image and sound follow their own path, but often connect, after which they distance themselves again—and then connect again.”
A Touch
2008. 16mm. Color. Sound. 13 min.
With sound effects of passing trains, running water, and wind, plus an exquisite imagery manipulation with the optical printer, Meter pays homage to the fragility of celluloid, as well as of our own vulnerable materiality. She treats emulsion as if she were touching skin, with the same attention, permissions, and apprehensions, actions and reactions. Meter’s camera attempts to delicately interact, somehow connect, with the images, and with the light and movement that emanate from them. A Touch commences with a sequence of flakes whirling in the wind, just as the particles of the film emulsion attract our vision. The richness of the color and the grain reinforce the emotional capabilities of film. Human silhouettes fade, and images of Guy Sherwin appear and disappear for fractions of seconds. In A Touch, light and shadows, perceptions, and flashes of memory come and go as a moving landscape. Reminiscent of Armenian filmmaker Artavazd Peleshian’s distrust for the spoken word, there are no statements in this film, but fragments of music, including Francesco Tuma’s Stabat Mater, a Latin hymn on the depths and weights of human suffering and sorrow.
This is an all-celluloid touring program taking place at the Milwaukee Underground Film Festival in Wisconsin (April 22nd), Museum of the Moving Image in New York (April 30th), and (S8) Mostra de Cinema Periférico in A Coruña (June 2nd).
In partnership with EYE Filmmuseum, Amsterdam; Milwaukee Underground Film Festival; and Museum of the Moving Image.
Very special thanks to Cullen Gallagher, Vera Kuipers, David Schwartz, Simona Monizza, Marleen Labijt, Edith van der Heijde, Guy Edmonds, Ben Balcom, Elena Duque, Ángel Rueda, Ximena Losada, Fred Baez, Tom Avitabile, Carolyn Funk, Joel Schlemowitz, José María Armada, Blanca Regina, Karel Doing, Emmanuel Lefrant, Frédérique Devaux, Tomoko Kawamoto, Eric Hynes, Angel Ortiz-Oyola, and Barbara Meter.
Ad libitum:
Broken Tongue
By Mónica Savirón. 2013. 16mm. Color & B/W. Sound. 3 min.
This film pays homage to the diaspora of the different waves of migration, and challenges the way we represent our narratives. It is a search for a renewed consciousness, for reinvention, a “what if,” the formal equivalent of asking a question expressed with a broken tongue. Mainly made with images from the January 1st issues of “The New York Times” since its beginning in 1851 to 2013, Broken Tongue is a heartfelt tribute to avant-garde sound performer Tracie Morris, and to her poem Afrika.
Answer Print
By Mónica Savirón. 2016. 16mm. Color. Sound. 5 min.
Answer Print is made with deteriorated 16mm color stock, and it is meant to disappear over time. Neither hue nor sound has been manipulated in its analog reassembling. The soundtrack combines audio generated by silent double perforated celluloid, the optical tracks from sound films, and the tones produced by each of the filmmaker’s cuts when read by the projector. The shots are based on a 26-frame length: the distance in 16mm films with optical tracks between an image and its sound. This film could be the B-side of the song cycle started with Broken Tongue. In between, the music film Wedding Song was made for Janel Leppin’s album originally titled Music of the One Armed Woman. Leppin wrote this material when she damaged the ulnar nerve in her right elbow and was unable to play the cello for her solo shows in 2015.[:]